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Civic Engagement in Australian Democracy
The Australian democratic system has long been regarded as one of the most stable and predictable in the world, with an entrenched two-party duopoly, compulsory voting ensuring high levels of electoral participation and relatively high levels of satisfaction with the democratic process.Yet the ways Australians engage with, and participate in, their democracy have shifted substantially in recent times.While a record proportion of Australians are now on the electoral roll, less than 1% belong to a political party, and the share of Australians that have always voted for the same party in Federal elections has declined from 72% in 1967 to 37% in 2022.Turnout in the 2022 Federal Election fell below 90% for the first time since the introduction of compulsory voting in 1924.Over 50% of voters cast their ballots early in 2022, up from around 10% in 2004.The advent of social media has afforded Australians a range of opportunities for political engagement but has also given rise to serious concerns surrounding the dissemination of misinformation. And Australians have also recently been afforded several historically rare opportunities for direct participation in the lawmaking process – particularly, the 2017 same-sex marriage plebiscite and the 2023 referendum on the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice to Parliament. These developments give rise to a wide range of deep, difficult questions for Australian democracy, many of which have been under-explored.What, for instance, does the failure of the referendum on the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice to Parliament mean for Australian democracy?What sorts of opportunities ought to be afforded to Australians for direct participation in government?How might climate change impact Australian democracy in the coming decades?How might the rise in early voting impact the character of Australian democracy?What opportunities do Australians have for engagement in civic life, and what obstacles do they face in exercising them?This edited collection brings together specialists in the democratic process to consider such questions, alongside many others.Moreover, the collection is uniquely interdisciplinary, insofar as the contributors are drawn from a diverse range of fields – law, philosophy, political science and sociology.The chapters each help bring us a broader understanding of civic participation in Australian democracy, in order that we might evaluate the status quo, and gauge where it might be headed, in the future.
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Persuasion, Integration, and Deliberative Democracy : The Will of the Whole
It is easy to be in favor of a government that reflects the will of people you like.It is more difficult to be in favor of a government that reflects the will of people you hate.But this is precisely what democracy requires of us. And one of the most serious threats facing democracy today, in the United States and around the world, is the discomfort that many citizens feel toward this core democratic principle: that even those citizens we think of as evil, deluded, or simply wrong should still be allowed a say in what their own government does. Perhaps the best hope of resolving this tension can be found in the idea of deliberative democracy, which sees a particular form of non-coercive dialogue as an essential component of democratic governance.But in this book, Graham Wright argues that the traditional approach to deliberation through persuasion faces serious challenges that may limit its potential in exactly the situations where the threats to democracy are greatest.Instead, he argues that an alternative method of deliberation based on the process of “integration,” as described by the early 20th-century philosopher Mary Parker Follett, can do a better job of navigating these challenges, and can help us make democratic decisions that better reflect the will of the whole people. Persuasion, Integration, and Deliberative Democracy: The Will of the Whole is a fresh approach to debates about the challenges of democracy, and the value of democratic deliberation.For anyone wanting to understand the dangers facing deeply divided societies, this is an essential read.
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Democracy
Democracy identifies the general processes causing democratization and de-democratization at a national level across the world over the last few hundred years.It singles out integration of trust networks into public politics, insulation of public politics from categorical inequality, and suppression of autonomous coercive power centres as crucial processes.Through analytic narratives and comparisons of multiple regimes, mostly since World War II, this book makes the case for recasting current theories of democracy, democratization and de-democratization.
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Democracy & Leadership
Irving Babbitt was a leader of the intellectual movement called American Humanism, or the New Humanism, and a distinguished professor of French literature at Harvard. "Democracy and Leadership", first published in 1924, is his only directly political book, and in it he applies the principles of humanism to the civil social order.Babbitt rejects all deterministic philosophies of history, whether they be the older type found in Saint Augustine or Bossuet, which tends to make of man the puppet of God, or the new type, which tends in all its varieties to make of man the puppet of nature.He offers a compelling critique of unchecked majoritarianism and addresses the great problem of how to discover leaders with standards.
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Which form of democracy is better: indirect democracy or direct democracy?
Both indirect democracy and direct democracy have their own advantages and disadvantages. Indirect democracy allows for the election of representatives who can make informed decisions on behalf of the people, while direct democracy allows for more direct participation and decision-making by the citizens. The effectiveness of each form of democracy depends on the specific context and needs of a society. In some cases, indirect democracy may be more efficient and practical, while in others, direct democracy may be more inclusive and empowering. Ultimately, the best form of democracy is one that effectively represents the will of the people and promotes good governance.
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What is the connection between democracy education?
Democracy education is essential for fostering an informed and engaged citizenry that can actively participate in democratic processes. By educating individuals about the principles of democracy, the importance of civic engagement, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens, we can empower them to make informed decisions and contribute to a healthy democracy. Through democracy education, individuals learn critical thinking skills, how to respect diverse perspectives, and how to engage in constructive dialogue, all of which are crucial for the functioning of a democratic society. Ultimately, democracy education plays a key role in shaping individuals into active and responsible citizens who can uphold democratic values and principles.
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What is the connection between isonomia and democracy?
Isonomia and democracy are closely connected as they both relate to the idea of equality and fairness in governance. Isonomia, meaning "equality before the law," is a principle that ensures that all citizens are subject to the same laws and have equal rights. In a democratic system, isonomia is essential for ensuring that all citizens have equal political rights and opportunities to participate in the decision-making process. Therefore, isonomia is a foundational principle of democracy, as it helps to create a level playing field for all citizens within the political system.
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What is the connection between democracy and citizens?
Democracy is a form of government where power is vested in the people, and citizens play a crucial role in shaping the direction of their country through participation in elections, decision-making processes, and holding their leaders accountable. Citizens in a democracy have the right to vote, express their opinions, and engage in civic activities to influence policies and laws. In turn, a strong and active citizenry is essential for the functioning of a healthy democracy, as their engagement ensures that the government remains accountable and responsive to the needs and interests of the people.
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Saving Democracy
Democracy is in crisis. Is there still time to save it?Democracies face external threat from aggressive authoritarian states.Internally, citizens have grown increasingly distrustful of politicians and more cynical about national and global governance institutions.The time is ripe for democracy to renew itself. This text offers a state-of-the art overview of democratic innovations today, moving beyond cries of the 'death' or 'end' of democracy to instead offer a range of practical solutions for how to save it and restore faith in democratic practice. ‘Old’ democratic power, represented by existing structures, is being challenged. ‘New’ power involves collaboration and rapid feedback loops, as well as increased citizen participation.The future of democracy, the authors demonstrate, will be about findings ways of melding ‘old’ and ‘new’ power practices.Offering a broad and accessible survey of what different forms of democracy and democratic innovations look like today, and how they can develop in future, Saving Democracy shows us the potential for transformation across the entire democratic process.Avoiding a reductive focus on simply getting citizens more involved in decision-making, this book uniquely argues for the importance of refining and monitoring how democratic decisions are made and followed through.
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Kidnapped Democracy
Large sections of democracy and its basic structures have recently been hijacked.By stealth, powerful elites have gradually gained control of the political sphere and transformed it to serve their own interests.The political systems of what appear to be established democracies in all corners of the world are showing signs of this takeover, which has led to widespread citizen disaffection and indignation.Kidnapped Democracy uses the metaphor of captivity to illustrate the differences and similarities between conventional kidnappings and the hijacking of a political system.The book’s nine chapters identify the kidnappers, the accomplices, the hostages, the victims and the negotiators before examining the effect of a peculiar Stockholm syndrome and, finally, reflecting on possible ways to secure the release of democracy.
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Social Democracy
Social democracy emerged in the late nineteenth century and has become a leading political ideology in Europe.This short history approaches the evolution of this ideology as a body of political thought and political practices.It expounds the development, transformation and practice of European social democracy through the analysis of four key moments in its history: its origins and rise as a key political force in European politics, the second revisionist phase with the embrace of capitalism in the postwar period, the Third Way of the 1990s and the contemporary crisis of social democracy in an era of fragmented politics.The book offers a fresh and engaging discussion of one of the most enduring ideologies of the European political sphere and its manifestations in different countries of the region.
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Chinese Democracy
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What is the connection between democracy and education?
Education plays a crucial role in a democratic society as it helps individuals develop critical thinking skills, understand complex issues, and make informed decisions. In turn, a well-educated population is better equipped to participate in the democratic process, engage in civil discourse, and hold their leaders accountable. Education also promotes values such as tolerance, equality, and respect for diversity, which are essential for a functioning democracy. Ultimately, a strong education system is vital for the success and sustainability of a democratic society.
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Why is democracy in Germany a representative democracy?
Democracy in Germany is a representative democracy because the citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. These representatives are chosen through free and fair elections, where the people have the opportunity to vote for their preferred candidates. The elected representatives then represent the interests and views of the citizens in the decision-making process, ensuring that the government is accountable to the people. This system allows for the efficient functioning of the government while also ensuring that the voices of the citizens are heard and considered.
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Which do you prefer: direct democracy or indirect democracy?
I don't have personal preferences, but I can provide information on both forms of democracy. Direct democracy allows citizens to directly participate in decision-making through initiatives and referendums, while indirect democracy involves electing representatives to make decisions on behalf of the people. Each form has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the preference for one over the other often depends on the specific context and the values of the individuals involved.
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Is Athenian democracy a model for our modern democracy?
Athenian democracy, while groundbreaking in its time, had limitations that make it difficult to directly compare to modern democracy. For example, only male citizens were allowed to participate in Athenian democracy, excluding women, slaves, and foreigners. Additionally, decisions were made through direct participation rather than representative democracy, which is more common in modern systems. While Athenian democracy can serve as an inspiration for principles such as citizen participation and equality, it is not a direct model for our modern democracy due to these significant differences.
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